2.9 K VCSEL demonstrates 100 Gbps PAM-4 optical data transmission

A cryogenic packaged vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with microwave input and coupled OM4 fiber for optical output was developed demonstrated operation from 295 to 2.9 K. Record K data links of 100 Gbps pulsed amplitude modulation 4-level have been an energy per bit ∼153.4 fJ/bit when TDECQ = 3.79 dB. The energy/bit is limited by the link path bandwidth resulted cable loss VCSEL can be further improved. Thus, proven a viable solution communication computing.